Beware of hypoxic fat cells, they spread cancer!

As I wrote elsewhere, when I add the transcription factor HIF-1α to the search, activator of (pseudo)hypoxia, activator of metabolism without the use of oxygen, something interesting always appears in the results. So this time it's quite the bomb. Fat cells spread cancer by spreading the message of lack of oxygen.

The study does not say it directly, but if we consider that the activation of the transcription factor HIF-1α is behind the hypertrophy of fat cells, i.e. their constant enlargement to enormous dimensions, then it is not surprising that these cells spread many problematic signals around the body. One such little-known signal is small extracellular vesicles called exosomes.

Extracellular vesicles containing regulatory signals sent by fat cells.

I have already shown several times here that the activation of (pseudo)hypoxia, i.e. the transcription factor HIF-1α in adipose tissue, is at the beginning of subsequent changes in the entire organism. Studies in mice show that if HIF-1α activation can be prevented, then these changes will not occur, the fat cells will remain healthy, the liver will remain healthy, the metabolic disorders associated with a high-fat diet will be eliminated. I also showed that the adipose tissue is naturally protected from this change by the fact that the presence of saturated and monounsaturated fats naturally prevents the activation of pseudohypoxia in fat cells. These cells are supposed to burn fat or die, not ferment glucose. But modern polyunsaturated fats, high in omega-6 without short or medium-chain fats, as well as other poisons, can activate HIF-1α in adipose tissue. And that's the beginning of big problems, as we'll see, even cancer.

I found a study that shows that the presence of extracellular vesicles emitted by adipose tissue promotes the growth of tumors and the rate of metastases in tumors in the breast tissue. The authors investigated this phenomenon in two cultures of tumor tissue as well as in mice.

The addition of extracellular vesicles sent by fat cells can activate the HIF-1α factor in the target tissue, i.e. pseudohypoxia.


Targeted suppression of the factor HIF-1α (shHIF-1α) cancels this effect (VEGF vessel formation, Invasion Assay - invasion activity)

So beware of a lack of oxygen in fat tissue! It is precisely the poor blood supply of adipose tissue, narrowed vessels and low flow that can be responsible for the problems of modern civilization. We already know that the vasodilating function of blood vessels with the help of arginine and the enzyme eNOS declines with increasing age. I have recently found that there are other vasodilation mechanisms controlled by hydrogen peroxide and nitrite, but also by the short fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate. These are formed not only by our intestinal bacteria, but, for example, acetate is created by our liver from alcohol or from fats by activating omega oxidation or fasting, it can also be taken in the diet as vinegar, and butyrate is of course part of butter, i.e. milk fat. There are other ways to achieve a better blood and oxygen supply to the tissues, including proper breathing.


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References:

Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell malignancy through HIF-1α activity

Microbial short chain fatty acid metabolites lower blood pressure via endothelial G protein-coupled receptor 41


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