Protein restriction, FGF21, oxidative metabolism, and gluconeogenesis — is it related?
Some time ago I wrote about how, in one study, scientists found that when cells are exposed to glutamate/glutamine, oxidative metabolism in the cell is suppressed and replaced by a fermentative one . This one does not require oxygen. It does not use it even when oxygen is available, at its normal concentration. This is related to the release of ammonia molecules during deamination of excess glutamine for entry into the TCA cycle, that is, for its conversion into energy ATP. In another post I wrote about how ammonia activates NMDA receptors, i.e., glutamate receptors . Turning them off using the substance MK-801 protects superoxide dismutase from damage, and excessive activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate and ammonia thus probably leads to cellular senescence . The main function of NMDA receptors, as I understand it, is to allow calcium ions to enter the cell and activate the cell to act. Typically, ROS production increases. The main role in this is played by NOS enzymes, which prod...